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Nineteenth-Century Pioneer in Ophthalmology

Leon Morgenstern, MD

Arch Ophthalmol. 2004;122:385-387.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

INTRODUCTION

Isaac Hays (Figure 1) was a distinguished pioneer in the early days of American ophthalmology.^1-6 His contributions may have been mightier by the pen than by the scalpel, but his niche in the history of ophthalmology is secure. In addition to actively practicing ophthalmology and fostering its growth into a recognized medical specialty, Hays also had the time and talent to edit one of the premier medical journals of his day, to become one of the founders of the American Medical Association (AMA), to author the first code of ethics of the AMA, and to edit or write works as diverse as Treatise on Diseases of the Eye, American Ornithology, and Descriptions of the Inferior Maxillary Bones of Mastodons.

Figure appears in full text version. Isaac Hays, MD (circa 1850).

Isaac Hays, the eldest of 4 children, was born into a wealthy Philadelphia, Pa, merchant family in 1796. When he graduated . . . [Full Text of this Article]

EARLY AND MIDDLE YEARS

LAST YEARS AND DEATH

From the Center for Health Care Ethics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif. The author has no relevant financial interest in this article.